(1) For a discussion of whether Israel actually needs to expand into the West Bank from the perspective of having more land, see the comment thread with Tessa Schlesinger. It doesn't.

(2) Birthright Israel is a 10-day trip, not a program encouraging people to emigrate. It is an independent nonprofit rather than a government program. The vast majority of its funding comes from private philanthropy and other non-governmental organizations. Analogies to it might be a subsidized Christian youth trip or the Hajj.

(3) Israel receives about $4 billion annually in U.S. foreign aid, only 0.5% of U.S. military spending. That's just over $12 per person per year, an amount that wouldn't really touch U.S. poverty.

(4) Here's a discussion of reasonable vs. unreasonable criticism of Israel: https://www.quora.com/q/unityisstrength/Where-do-you-think-reasonable-criticism-of-Israel-ends-and-unreasonable-hostility-to-Israel-begins Most people and groups think one can criticize Israel, but some criticism has overtones of anti-Semitism.

Also, my proposal is a minimum that would keep Palestinians from remaining as refugees, and I mention it is a minimum. Some Palestinians really would want asylum in places like Germany, and if this is the first option available, it should be made available. I'd also like to build up a Diaspora to Diaspora effort of Jews and Palestinians trying to come back to the same parts of Israel together. The Jewish Law of Return doesn't preclude a Palestinian one but, if history moves the right way, may actually be what brings it about.